Heat Lover and Hummingbird Treat!

 Russelia equisetiformis inflorescence                                                        S. Reeve

This plant is not new to me, I have always admired Russelia equisetiformis or firecracker flower, but didn't live where I could grow it. Mistakenly, I thought it was a tough plant to grow. Up until it got hot this summer I was pretty sure it was a tough plant to grow. You see I planted it about 6 months ago and it just sat there. I bought from a vendor on Ebay because they grew this without neonicotinoid pesticides. Before I buy a plant I need assurance it is not grown using these systemic pesticides as they harm wildlife, especially bees. The spot I chose was at the edge of a stucco wall so my thought was it will cascade down eventually. Well, this little sleeper plant exploded in growth once it was over 80 degrees F. It quickly increased in size by 4-6 times its original size. Heat lovers definitely have a place here in my summer hot garden (and getting hotter-thank you global warming!). Also, when we had those couple days of odd temperature spikes in the mid-90s and many of my plants exhibited some kind of heat damage, while this plant did not. 

Young immature plant starting to cascade

This is a medium green evergreen shrub-like cascading plant with flowers from spring until frost. I wonder if it will keep flowering if there is no frost? That would be nice. From what I am reading it can bloom year round in frost-free gardens. This plant comes from Mexico and Latin America. Of course, the 1 inch long red flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds and that is why it is in my garden! Formerly in the Scrophulariaceae family and now in the Plantaginaceae. The species name, "equisetiformis" refers to its similarity to horsetail rush or Equisetum. Russelia refers to Scottish naturalist Alexander Russell from the 1700s. Skinny stems are angular and rush-like and the leaves have been reduced to scales. Young wiry stems grow vertically for a time and eventually turn downward in a free fall pendulous fashion. New stems just starting out give the plant a 'bad hair day" look. With time the stems increase and the flowers increase it is definitely in the Cousin Itt category with a dense mound of foliage and flowers. 

Planted as a hedge 

There several selections of colors, there is red of, course, but also coral, white, orange, pink, and yellow flowers. There is a closely related species of Russelia called Russelia sarmentosa with smaller red flowers that is more shrub-like. 

Photo by Alan Lorence

Technically the inflorescence is a terminal cyme, but unlike a single-flowered terminal cyme, as most are, this plant has paired terminal flowers or a "pair-flowered" cyme. Only three families have this condition. Here is a diagram of a normal cyme and a pair-flowered cyme so you can see the difference. These diagrams are from the Annals of Botany. 

Anton Weber; Pair-flowered cymes in the Lamiales: structure, distribution, and origin, Annals of Botany, Volume 112, Issue 8, 1 November 2013, Pages 1577–1595, https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mct156

                                                     

Ordinary Cyme with single flower terminating each cyme unit

Pair-flowered cyme with two terminal flowers in each cyme unit

Close up of individual flowers                                                                     S. Reeve

Little blackish-red pearl-like buds open up into the coral-red bilaterally symmetrical tubular flowers. You can barely see two of four stamens bearing pollen and a black female stigma. Looking at the arrangement it is easy to see that if the hummingbird sticks its beak in this flower she will have pollen deposited on her only to have it make contact with the stigma in the next flower she visits. Nice system Russelia!

This plant is not just another pretty face. It has many uses in pharmacology. In Nigeria, it is used to promote hair growth, to treat malaria, cancer, diabetes, and inflammatory disorders. In Colombia it is used for kidney stones. The plant has antibacterial, antimicrobial, antioxidant, analgesic, and cytotoxic properties.

This plant can reach 4 feet long and much wider at maturity. It looks wonderful draped over a wall and growing in a tall pot. Can you imagine this in a tall chartreuse ceramic pot? Nice! 

This plant needs well-drained soil, full sun, and heat. It can even grow in a hot place like Phoenix. Sunset Western Garden book says it needs moderate to regular water and can take temperatures down to 20 degrees F. I don't water mine that much and it looks fine. I have also read more water and fertilizer results in much better lusher growth. I am not much of a fertilizer user but I might try an organic fertilizer on it and some extra water to see what happens. Right now, I water once a week and it is the summer and it is doing just great. The stems can root where they touch the ground if the soil is kept moist. You can also start new plants with stem tip cuttings or layering. I love this plant because it is easy and because it throws out an abundance of bright red flowers for me and the hummingbirds.

Mutant Bougainvillea

Do you know Bougainvillea 'Torch Glow'? It is a cool plant! Get a load of this photo.

Bougainvillea 'Torch Glow' blooms                                                                                          S. Reeve

This is unlike any Bougainvillea you have previously grown. The plant happened as a chance mutation of a normal bougainvillea. The plant was patented in 1988. Unlike a normal bougainvillea this plant has really congested internodes. Here is a photo of a normal blooming bougainvillea for comparison.

Normal Bougainvillea 

See how different it is? 'Torch Glow' has many blooming flowers bunched up on the ends of branches from ten to forty centimeters (4 to 16 inches) down from the tips of the stems. The flowering ends of stems appear to be densely flowering cylindrical spikes or torches. The plant is also very upright growing and more like a shrub than a vine. Typically bougainvillea have vine-like stems that are 30 feet long. In its native habitat, thorns help it climb to the sun. Bougainvillea 'Torch Glow' stays around six feet tall and four feet wide and looks like a shrub. 'Torch Glow' looks like the normally 30 foot long stems were compressed into 6 feet with all of the flowers bunched at the tips of the branches. 

Photo from Desert Horizon Nursery

Bougainvillea 'Torch Glow'                                                                                                                     S. Reeve

Isn't this plant amazing! Sometimes when I drive past this plant I do a double take because at first glance I think it is an azalea. Do you see what I mean in this second photo? The branches all come from the base of the plant. I have a neighbor who has limbed up B. 'Torch Glow' into a small tree and it looks cool. In the first photo of the shrub, it doesn't look like it was ever pruned. You can make it look more like a shrub if you trim some of the long wands of leaves. This plant, like regular bougainvilleas, blooms for a long time. The flowers are actually only the little white bloom and are surrounded by colored bracts, like a poinsettia. The bracts are tougher than petals and can stick around for months. It blooms in response to day length in the spring and fall. The plant is pollinated by hummingbirds. Bougainvillea is in the Nyctaginaceae family.

As with all bougainvillea, try not to disturb the roots when planting. For some reason, bougainvillea is especially sensitive to root disturbance and the growth can be set back for quite a while if the roots are disturbed. Bougainvillea has two growth cycles, either vegetative or blooming. After it finishes blooming, it grows stems and leaves. If there is plenty of light, and things aren’t too cushy, the plant will also form floral buds. Once the vegetative cycle is completed the plant will flower again, typically, in the spring and fall, when the daylight and night lengths are approximately the same. Besides high sunlight and heat levels, the plant responds to stress and will bloom again, if you skimp on water and avoid high nitrogen fertilizer. 

The more sunlight and heat you can provide-- the better. This plant thrives on neglect. If you treat it too nicely, it will fail to rebloom and continue to grow only stems and leaves. Let your plant dry out, quite a bit, before watering again. Watch carefully, and allow the leaves to almost wilt, before watering again. Make sure the soil drains well. This plant grows best in sandy low fertility soil. It will not tolerate heavy clay or badly draining soil. If you treat it too well, with abundant water and fertilizer, it will just grow leaves. 

Prune right after blooming. This plant is hardy to Zone 10 and will not tolerate freezes. It thrives on heat. This is not a problem where I live, but you may need to place it in a south-facing position, and siting it next to a cement sidewalk or masonry wall will increase the heat if necessary. You can, and people certainly do, overwinter bougainvillea all over the country if they are in a less-than-10 zone. I love this plant! Isn't it cool?

Long wand of flowers at the end of B. 'Torch Glow' stems                                                         S. Reeve